This phylogeny is the author's opinion based on his interpretation of the literature. It is however, broadly congruent with recent works (e.g. Norell et al., 2001; Rauhut, 2000; Norell and Clarke, 2001; Chiappe, 2001, Holtz et al., 2004; Tykoski, 2005; Carrano and Sampson, 2007; Smith et al., 2007; Brusatte and Sereno, 2008; Benson, 2010). The relationships of modern birds are based on molecular studies.
Format
Alpha
|--Beta
`--Gamma
|--Delta
|*-Epsilon
`--Zeta
|?-Eta
`--Theta
Based roughly on Mike Keesey's old Dinosauricon site. Beta and Gamma are sister taxa within the clade Alpha Delta is within Gamma, but not a member of Zeta. Epsilon, however, is Gamma incertae sedis. Eta is only tentatively placed within Zeta. Nomina nuda are non-italicized and placed in quotation marks, while unpublished taxa (as recognized by the ICZN) are designated the same way, but followed by an asterisk. Nomina dubia are not distinguished from valid taxa, as which taxa are indeterminate is a subjective question. Taxa in parentheses are technically valid according to the ICZN but not used by most theropod workers.
Cladogram
Theropoda |--Eodromaeus murphi `--+--Daemonosaurus chauliodus `--+--Tawa hallae
`--Avepoda
Averostra Eutheropoda |*-"Megalosaurus" woodwardi |*-"Newtonsaurus" cambrensis
|--Coelophysoidea (Podokesauroidea) | |--Sarcosaurus woodi | |*-Gojirasaurus quayi (in part) | |*-Halticosaurus longotarsus | |*-Sarcosaurus? andrewsi | `--+?-Dilophosauridae
| | |?-"Dilophosaurus" sinensis | | |?-Sinosaurus triassicus | | |?-Dracovenator regenti | | |?-Cryolophosaurus ellioti | | `--Dilophosaurus wetherilli | `--+*?"Comanchesaurus kuesi" | |*-Dolichosuchus cristatus | |*?Procompsognathus triassicus
| |*-Protoavis texensis (in part) | |--Liliensternus liliensterni | `--+--Lophostropheus airelensis | |?-Zupaysaurus rougieri | `--Coelophysidae (Podokesauridae) | |*-Coelophysis? longicollis | |*?Coelophysis? willistoni | |*-Kayentavenator elysiae | |*-Longosaurus longicollis | |*-Podokesaurus holyokensis | |*-Pterospondylus trielbae | |*-"Syntarsus" "mexicanum" | |--Segisaurinae | | |?-Camposaurus arizonensis | | |--"Megapnosaurus" kayentakatae | | `--Segisaurus halli
| `--Coelophysinae
| |--Coelophysis bauri | `--Megapnosaurus rhodesiensis
`--Neotheropoda
|*-"Allosaurus" medius |*-Allosaurus? trihedrodon |*-Altispinax dunkeri |*-Calamospondylus oweni |*-"Capitalsaurus" potens |*-Chienkosaurus ceratosauroides |*?Chingkankousarus fragilis |*-"Coelurosaurus" |*-Diplotomodon horrificus |*-"Elaphrosaurus" iguidiensis |*-"Futabasaurus" |*-"Katsuyamasaurus" |*?Kelmayisaurus? "gigantus" |*?"Labrosaurus" "huene" |*-"Megalosaurus" insignis |*-"Megalosaurus" lonzeensis |*-Megalosaurus? monasterii |*-"Megalosaurus" pombali |*?Megalosaurus? "tibetensis" |*?"Morosaurus" marchei |*-"Ornithocheirus" hilsensis |*-Orthogoniosaurus matleyi |*?Orthogoniosaurus? rawesi |*-Ozraptor subotaii |*-"Prodeinodon" kwangshiensis |*-Prodeinodon mongoliensis |*-"Scrotum humanum" |*-Szechuanosaurus campi |*-Teinurosaurus sauvagei |*-Wakinosaurus satoi |*-Walgettosuchus woodwardi |*?Yangchuanosaurus? "longqiaoensis"
|--Ceratosauria | |*?Bahariasaurus ingens | |*-"Merosaurus newmani" | |*?"Ngexisaurus dapukaensis" | |--Berberosaurus liassicus | |--Camarillasaurus cirugedae | |--Deltadromeus agilis | |--Limusaurus inextricabilis | |--Elaphrosaurus bambergi | |--Spinostropheus gautieri | `--Neoceratosauria
| |--Ceratosauridae
| | |*?Ceratosaurus? roechlingi | | |--Genyodectes serus | | |?-+--Ostafrikasaurus crassiserratus | | | `--Ostafrikasaurus stechowi | | `--+--Ceratosaurus dentisulcatus | | |--Ceratosaurus magnicornis | | |--Ceratosaurus meriani | | |--Ceratosaurus nasicornis | | `--Ceratosaurus sulcatus | `--Abelisauroidea | Abelisauria | |*?Austrocheirus isasii | |*-"Bayosaurus pubica" | |*?Betasuchus bredai | |*-"Nototyrannus violantei" | |*-Tarascosaurus salluvicus | |--Noasauridae | | |--Coeluroides largus | | |--Compsosuchus solus | | |--Genusaurus sisteronis | | |--Jubbulpuria tenuis | | |--Laevisuchus indicus | | |?-Ligabueino andesi | | |--Masiakasaurus knopfleri | | |--Noasaurus leali | | |--"Sidormimus"* | | |--Velocisaurus unicus | | `--Vitakrisaurus saraiki | `--+*?"Carnosaurus" | |*-Dryptosauroides grandis | |*-Ornithomimoides? barasimlensis | |*-Ornithomimoides mobilis | |*-Pycnonemosaurus nevesi | |*-Vitakridrinda sulaimani | |--Eoabelisaurus mefi | `--+--Kryptops palaios | `--+--Rugops primus | `--Abelisauridae
| |--Ekrixinatosaurus novasi | |*-Quilmesaurus curriei | |*-Rahiolisaurus gujaratensis | |*-Skorpiovenator bustingorryi | |*-Xenotarsosaurus bonapartei | `--Carnotaurini | |--Abelisaurus comahuensis | |--Aucasaurus garridoi | |--+--Indosaurus matleyi | | |--Indosuchus raptorius | | |--Majungasaurus crenatissimus | | `--Rajasaurus narmadensis | `--Carnotaurinae | |--Carnotaurus sastrei | `--Ilokelesia aguadagradensis
`--Tetanurae |--Chuandongocoelurus primitivus |?-Monolophosaurus jiangi |*-Allosaurus? tendagurensis |*-Kaijiangosaurus lini |*?Megalosaurus? "dapukaensis" |*-"Megalosaurus" inexpectatus |*-"Megalosaurus" pannoniensis |*?"Mifunesaurus" |*?Prodeinodon? "tibetensis" |*-"Saltriosaurus" `-----Orionides |*-Cruxicheiros newmanorum |*-Dandakosaurus indicus |*-Ichthyovenator laosensis |*?"Megalosaurus" hungaricus |*-"Metriacanthosaurus" "reynoldsi" |*-Sigilmassasaurus brevicollis |--Megalosauroidea | |--Piatnitzkysauridae | | |--Marshosaurus bicentissimus | | `--+--Condorraptor currumili | | `--Piatnitzkysaurus floresi | `--Megalosauria | |*-Streptospondylus altdorfensis | |--Megalosauridae | | |*?Streptospondylus? cuvieri | | |--Eustreptospondylinae | | | `--Eustreptospondylus oxoniensis | | `--+--Megalosaurinae | | | |?-Duriavenator hesperis | | | `--+--Megalosaurus bucklandii | | | |--"Megalosaurus" "phillipsi" | | | |--"Brontoraptor" | | | |--Edmarka rex | | | `--Torvosaurus tanneri | | `--Afrovenatorinae | | |--Afrovenator abakensis | | |--Dubreuillosaurus valesdunensis | | |--Leshansaurus qianweiensis | | |?-Magnosaurus nethercombensis | | |--Piveteausaurus divesensis | | `?-Poekilopleuron bucklandii | `--Spinosauridae | |--Baryonychinae | | |--Baryonyx walkeri | | |--Suchosaurus cultridens | | |--Suchosaurus? girardi | | `--Cristatusaurus lapparenti | `--Spinosaurinae | |--Irritator challengeri | |--Oxalaia quilombensis | |--Siamosaurus suteethorni | |--Siamosaurus? fusuiensis | `--Spinosaurus aegyptiacus
`--Avetheropoda |*-"Tyrannosaurus" "lanpingensis" |*-Unquillosaurus ceibalei |*-Valdoraptor oweni
|--Carnosauria | Allosauroidea | |*-Erectopus superbus | |*?Kelmayisaurus petrolicus | |*-Xuanhanosaurus qilixiaensis | |--Metriacanthosauridae | | |--+--Yangchuanosaurus shangyouensis | | | `--Yangchuanosaurus zigongensis | | `--Metriacanthosaurinae | | |--Shidaisaurus jinae | | `--+--Metriacanthosaurus parkeri | | |--Siamotyrannus isanensis | | |--Sinraptor dongi | | `--Sinraptor? hepingensis | `--Allosauria | |--Carcharodontosauridae | | |--Neovenator salerii | | `--+--+--Becklespinax altispinax | | | |--Concavenator corcovatus | | | |--Eocarcharia dinops | | | `--Sauroniops pachytholus | | `--+--+--Acrocanthosaurus atokensis | | | `--Veterupristisaurus milneri
| | `--+--+?-Labocania anomala | | | `--Shaochilong maortuensis | | `--+*-"Megalosaurus" chubutensis | | |*?"Megalosaurus" ingens | | |--Tyrannotitan chubutensis
| | `--Carcharodontosaurinae | | |--+--Carcharodontosaurus saharicus | | | `--Carcharodontosaurus? iguidensis | | `--Giganotosaurinae | | |--Mapusaurus roseae | | `--Giganotosaurus carolinii | `--Allosauridae | |*-Antrodemus valens | |*?"Madsenius trux" | |*-Saurophaganax maximus | |*-"Wyomingraptor" | `--+--Allosaurus "jimmadseni" | `--+--Allosaurus atrox | |--Allosaurus fragilis | `--Allosaurus europaeus
`--Coelurosauria |?-Bicentenaria argentina |?-Gasosaurus constructus |?-Lourinhanosaurus antunesi |?-Sciurumimus albersdoerferi |?-Tugulusaurus faciles |*-Iliosuchus incognitus |*-Zuolong salleei `--+*-Xinjiangovenator parvus |?-Megaraptora | |*-Rapator ornitholestoides | |?-Chilantaisaurus tashuikouensis | `--+*-"Allosaurus" sibiricus | |--+--"Allosaurus" "robustus" | | |--Australovenator wintonensis | | `--Fukuiraptor kitadaniensis | `--+--Megaraptor namunhuaiquii | |--Aerosteon riocoloradensis | `--Orkoraptor burkei `--Tyrannoraptora |*-Aristosuchus pusillus |*-"Arkansaurus fridayi" |*-"Dryosaurus" grandis |*?Kakuru kujani
|*?Microvenator? "chagyabi" |*-Santanaraptor placidus |*-Timimus hermani |*-"Tonouchisaurus mongoliensis" |*-Yutyrannus huali |--Tyrannosauroidea (Deinodontoidea) | |*-Aviatyrannis jurassica | |--Alectrosaurus olseni | `--+--+--Stokesosaurus clevelandi | | `--"Juratyrant" langhami | `--+?-Embasaurus minax | |--Xiongguanlong baimoensis | `--+--+--Dryptosaurus aquilunguis
| | `--Dryptosaurus? macropus | `--+--Raptorex kriegsteini | `--+--Appalachiosaurus montgomeriensis | `--+--Bistahieversor sealeyi | `--Tyrannosauridae (Deinodontidae) | |*-Aublysodon? lateralis | |*-Deinodon horridus | |*-Deinodon? falculus | |*?Deinodon? grandis | |*-Deinodon? hazenianus | |*-"Ornithomimus" tenuis | |*-Tarbosaurus? periculosus | |--Albertosaurinae | | |--Gorgosaurus libratus | | |--"Albertosaurus" incrassatus | | `--Albertosaurus sarcophagus | `--Tyrannosaurinae | |--Teratophoneus curriei | `--+*-Aublysodon mirandus | |--Daspletosaurus torosus | `--+--+--Alioramus remotus | | `--Tarbosaurus bataar | |--Zhuchengtyrannus magnus | |?-Tyrannosaurus? zhuchengensis | `--Tyrannosaurus rex `--Avipluma |--Coelurus fragilis |--Eotyrannus lengi |--Tanycolagreus topwilsoni |--+--Calamosaurus foxii | |--Dilong paradoxus | `?-Nuthetes destructor `--+*-"Beelemodon" |*-"Kagasaurus" |*-Phaedrolosaurus ilikensis |--Proceratosauridae
| |--Guanlong wucaii | |--Kileskus aristotocus | |--Sinotyrannus kazuoensis | `--Proceratosaurus bradleyi |--Mirischia asymmetrica |--Sinocalliopteryx gigas `--+--Nedcolbertia justinhofmanni `--+?-Bagaraatan ostromi |--Compsognathidae | |--Huaxiagnathus orientalis | `--+--Sinosauropteryx prima | `--Compsognathus longipes |?-Juravenator starki `--+--Ornitholestes hermanni |--Scipionyx samniticus `-----Avepectora
Metornithes |*-Yaverlandia bitholus |--Arctometatarsalia | |*-Kinnareemimus khonkaenensis | Ornithomimoidea | |--Ornithomimosauria | | |*-"Sanchusaurus" | | |--Hexing qingyi | | `--+--Deinocheirus mirificus | | `--+--Pelecanimimus polyodon | | `--+--Harpymimidae | | | |--Harpymimus okladnikovi | | | `--Shenzhousaurus orientalis | | `--Ornithomiminae | | |--Beishanlong grandis | | `--+--Garudimimus brevipes | | `--Ornithomimidae | | |--"Grusimimus tsuru"* | | `--+--Sinornithomimus dongi | | |--Qiupalong henanensis | | |*-Archaeornithomimus? bissektensis | | `--+*-"Coelosaurus" antiquus | | |--+--Anserimimus planinychus | | | `--+--Dromiceiomimus brevitertius | | | `--Dromiceiomimus samueli | | `--+--Struthiomimus altus | | `--+--Gallimimus bullatus | | |*-"Orcomimus" | | `--+--Ornithomimus velox | | `--+--Ornithomimus? sedens | | `--+--Archaeornithomimus asiaticus | | `--"Gallimimus" "mongoliensis" | `--Alvarezsauroidea | |*-Alnashetri cerropoliciensis | |?-Nqwebasaurus thwazi | |--Aniksosaurus darwini | `--+--Haplocheirus sollers | `--Alvarezsauridae | |--+--Achillesaurus manazzonei | | `--Alvarezsaurus calvoi | `--+--Patagonykinae | | |--Patagonykus puertai | | `--Bonapartenykus ultimus | `--+*?Kol ghuva | |--Linhenykus monodactylus | `--+--Xixianykus zhangi | `--Parvicursorinae | |*-+--Albertonykus borealis | | `--"Ornithomimus" minutus | |--Parvicursor remotus | `--Mononykini | |*-Heptasteornis andrewsi | |--+--Albinykus baatar | | `--Shuvuuia deserti | `--+--Ceratonykus oculatus | `--Mononykus olecranus `--Maniraptora Chuniaoae |*-Bradycneme draculae |*-Ilerdopteryx viai |*-Martharaptor greenriverensis |*?Praeornis sharovi |*-Shanyangosaurus niupanggouensis |--Yixianosaurus longimanus |--Enigmosauria | |--Therizinosauria
| | |?*Thecocoelurus daviesi
| | |--Falcarius utahensis | | `--+?-Eshanosaurus deguchiianus
| | `--Therizinosauroidea
| | |*-"Chilantaisaurus" zheziangensis
| | |*?Inosaurus tedreftensis
| | |*-"Nanshiungosaurus" bohlini | | |--Beipiaosaurus inexpectus
| | `--+--Alxasaurus elesitaiensis | | `--+--Erliansaurus bellamanus | | `--+--Neimongosaurus yangi | | `--Therizinosauridae | | |*-Erlikosaurus andrewsi
| | |*-Therizinosaurus cheloniformis | | |--Enigmosaurus mongoliensis | | `--+--Suzhousaurus megatherioides | | `--+--+--Nothronychus mckinleyi | | | `--Nothronychus? graffami | | `--+--Nanshiungosaurus brevispinus | | `--Segnosaurus galbinensis | `--Oviraptorosauria
| |--+--Incisivosaurus gauthieri | | `--Protarchaeopteryx robusta | `--+*-Luoyanggia liudianensis | |--Caudipteryx zoui | `--Caenagnathoidea | |--Caenagnathidae
| | |*-Caenagnathasia martinsoni | | |*-Hagryphus giganteus | | |*-Kuszholia mengi | | |*-Ojoraptorsaurus boerei | | |--Nomingia gobiensis | | |--Similicaudipteryx yixianensis | | |--Chirostenotes pergracilis | | `--Elmisaurinae | | |*-Shixinggia oblita | | |--Avimimus portentosus | | `--+--Elmisaurus rarus | | `--Elmisaurus elegans | `--Oviraptoridae | |--Gigantoraptor erlianensis | `--+--Yulong mini | `--Oviraptorinae
| |?-Microvenator celer | |--Banji long | |--Oviraptor philoceratops | `--+--Citipati osmolskae | |--Rinchenia mongoliensis | `--+--Khaan mckannai | `--"Ingeniinae" | |--Conchoraptor gracilis | `--+--Machairasaurus leptonychus | `--+--"Ingenia" yanshini | `--+--Heyuannia huangi | `--Nemegtomaia barsboldi `--Paraves `--Eumaniraptora |*-Anchiornis huxleyi |*-Archaeornithoides deinosauriscus |*-Austroraptor cabazai |*-Balaur bondoc |*-Bauxitornis mindszentyae
|*-Buitreraptor gonzalezorum |*-Cretaaviculus sarysuensis |*-Elopteryx nopcsai |*-Eosinopteryx brevipenna |*-Mahakala omnogovae |*-Neuquenraptor argentinus |*-Pamparaptor micros |*-Pedopenna daohugouensis |*-Pneumatoraptor fodori |*-Rahonavis ostromi |--Unenlagiinae | |--Unenlagia comahuensis | `--Unenlagia? paynemili |*-Wyleyia valdensis |*-Xiaotingia zhengi |--Deinonychosauria
| Dromaeosauridae (Ornithodesmidae) | `--+--Microraptoria | | |?-Bambiraptor feinbergi | | `--+--Graciliraptor lujiatunensis | | |--"Paleopteryx thomsoni" | | |--Sinornithosaurus millenii | | |?-+--Richardoestesia gilmorei | | | `?-+--Richardoestesia? isosceles | | | `--Richardoestesia? asiatica | | |--Microraptor zhaoianus | | |--Hesperonychus elizabethae | | `?-Shanag ashile | |*-Itemirus medullaris | |*-"Kitadanisaurus" | |*-Tianyuraptor ostromi | `--Eudromaeosauria | |--Saurornitholestinae | | |--Saurornitholestes langstoni | | `--Saurornitholestes? robustus | |--Velociraptorinae
| | |--Velociraptor mongoliensis | | |--Velociraptor osmolskae | | |--Adasaurus mongoliensis | | `?-Luanchuanraptor henanensis | |--Deinonychus antirrhopus | |--Tsaagan mangas | |*-"Dromaeosaurus" gracilis | |*-"Ichabodcraniosaurus" | |*-"Koreanosaurus koreanensis" | |*-Ornithodesmus cluniculus | |*-Pyroraptor olympius | |*-Variraptor mechinorum | `--Dromaeosaurinae | |*-Dromaeosauroides bornholmensis | |*-Yurgovuchia doellingi | |*-Zapsalis abradens | |--+?-Atrociraptor marshalli | | `--Dromaeosaurus albertensis | `?-+--Achillobator giganticus | `--Utahraptor ostrommaysorum |--Troodontidae | |*?+--Paronychodon lacustris | | |--Paronychodon caperatus | | |--Paronychodon asiaticus | | `--Paronychodon portucalensis | |*-Urbacodon itemirensis | |*-Xixiasaurus henanensis | |--Mei long | `--+--Sinovenator changii | |?-Hulsanpes perlei | |?-Jinfengopteryx elegans | `--+--Sinusonasus magnodens | |--Koparion douglassi | `--+--Byronosaurus jaffei | |--Geminiraptor suarezarum | `--+*-"Saurornithoides" asiamericanus | |--Sinornithoides youngi | `--Troodontinae | |*-Borogovia gracilicrus | |*-Tochisaurus nemegtensis | |--Saurornithoides mongoliensis | `--+--Zanabazar junior | |--Linhevenator tani | |?-Philovenator curriei | |--Talos sampsoni | |--Troodon formosus | `--Troodon bakkeri `--Avialae |?-Scansoriopterygidae | |--Epidexipteryx hui | `--Scansoriopteryx heilmanni `-----Ornithes |?-Archaeopterygidae | `--Archaeopteryx lithographica `--Ornithurae |*?Cerebavis cenomanica |--Shenzhouraptor sinensis `--Euavialae |*-Dalianraptor cuhe |--Jixiangornis orientalis |--Yandangornis longicaudus |--Zhongjianornis yangi `--Avebrevicauda |--Omnivoropterygiformes | `--Sapeornis chaoyangensis `--------Pygostylia |*-Qiliania graffini |--Confuciusornithiformes | Confuciusornithidae | |*-"Proornis coreae" | |--Changchengornis hengdaoziensis | `--+*-Zhongornis haoae | |*-Confuciusornis chuonzhous | |--Confuciusornis dui | |--Confuciusornis feducciai | |--Confuciusornis zhengi | `--Confuciusornis sanctus `--Ornithothoraces |*-Aberratiodontus wui |*-"Confuciusornis" jianchangensis |*-Hollanda luceria |*-Lectavis bretincola |*?Lenesornis maltshevskyi |*-Platanavis nana |--Enantiornithes | |*-Abavornis bonaparti | |*-Catenoleimus anachoretus | |*-Cuspirostrisornis houi | |*-Enantiophoenix electrophyla | |*-"Enantiornis" walkeri | |*-Gracilornis jiufotangensis | |*-"Holbotia ponomarenkoi" | |*-Huoshanornis huji | |*-Iberomesornis romerali | |*-"Ichthyornis" minusculus | |*-+--Incolornis silvae | | `--Incolornis martini | |*-Longchengornis sanyanensis | |*-Shenqiornis mengi | |--Explorornis nessovi | |--Noguerornis gonzalezi | |--Pengornis houi | |--Protopteryx fengningensis | `--+*-Alexornis antecedens | |*-Bohaiornis guoi | |*-Camptodontus yangi | |*-Halimornis thompsoni | |*-Kizylkumavis cretacea | |*-Sazavis prisca | |--Boluochia zhengi | |--Longipteryx chaoyangensis | |--Shengjingornis yangi | |--Longirostravisidae | | |--Shanweiniao cooperorum | | `--+--Longirostravis hani | | `--Rapaxavis pani | `--+*-Alethoalaornis agitornis | |*-Gurilynia nessovi | |--+--Avisaurus archibaldi | | `--Avisaurus gloriae | |--Cathayornis? aberransis | |--Cathayornis? caudatus | |--Cathayornis? chabuensis | |--Cathayornis yandica | |--Concornis lacustris | |--Dalingheornis liweii | |--Dapingfangornis sentisorhinus | |--Elbretornis bonapartei | |--Elsornis keni | |--Enantiornis leali | |--Eocathayornis walkeri | |--Eoenantiornis buhleri | |--Flexomornis howei | |--"Gobipipus reshetovi" | |--Gobipteryx minuta | |--Hebeiornis fengningensis | |--Intiornis inexpectatus | |--Jibeinia luanhera | |--Largirostrornis sexdentoris | |--Liaoxiornis delicatus | |--Martinavis cruzyensis | |--Martinavis? minor | |--Martinavis? saltariensis | |--Martinavis? vincei | |--Martinavis? whetstonei | |--Mystiornis cyrili | |--Nanantius eos | |--Neuquenornis volans | |--Otogornis genghisi | |--Paraprotopteryx gracilis | |--Sinornis santensis | |--Soroavisaurus australis | |--Sulcavis geeorum | |--Xiangornis shenmi | |--Yungavolucris brevipedalis | `--Liaoningornithidae | |?-Vorona berivotrensis | |--Eoalulavis hoyasi | `--Liaoningornis longidigitus
`--+*-Parahongshanornis chaoyangensis |--Archaeorhynchus spathula |--Chaoyangiformes | `--Chaoyangia beishanensis `--Ornithuromorpha |*-Gargantuavis philoinos |*-"Zhyraornis kashkarovi" |--Hongshanornis longicresta |--Jianchangornis microdonta |--Schizooura lii |--Patagopterygiformes | |--Patagopteryx deferrariisi | `?-Alamitornis minutus `--+--Longicrusavis houi `--+--Songlingornithidae | |--Yanornis martini | `--+--Yixianornis grabaui | `--Songlingornis linghensis `--+*-Guildavis tener |*-+--Zhyraornis kashkarovi | `--Zhyraornis logunovi |--Gansuiformes | `--Gansus yumenensis `--+*-Horezmavis eocretacea |--Ichthyornithes | `--Ichthyornis anceps `--+--Hesperornithes | Hesperornithiformes | |*-Potamornis skutchi | |--Enaliornis barretti | |--Enaliornis? sedgwicki | |--Enaliornis? seeleyi | |--Pasquiaornis hardiei | |--Pasquiaornis? tankei | `--Hesperornithoidea | |*-Hesperornis? macdonaldi | |*-Judinornis nogontsavensis | |*-Parascaniornis stensioei | |--Baptornithidae | | `--Baptornis advenus | `--Hesperornithidae | |--+?-Brodavis americanus | | |?-Brodavis? baileyi | | |--Brodavis? varneri | | `?-Brodavis? mongoliensis | `--+--Parahesperornis alexi | |?-Hesperornis? mengeli | `--+--Hesperornis bairdi | `--+*?Canadaga arctica | |*-Hesperornis altus | |*-Hesperornis montanus | |--Hesperornis gracilis | |--Hesperornis chowi | |--Hesperornis regalis | `--+--Hesperornis crassipes | |--Hesperornis rossicus | `--Hesperornis bazhanovi `--Carinatae |--Ambiortiformes | |--Ambiortus dementjevi | |--Apsaravis ukhaana | `--Palintropus retusus `-----Aves |*-Apatornis celer |*-Ceramornis major |*-Gallornis straeleni |*-Iaceornis marshi |*-Laornis edvardsianus |*-+--Palaeotringa littoralis | `--Palaeotringa vagans |*-"Palaeotringa" vetus
|*-Volgavis marina |--Palaeognathae | |?-Limenavis patagonica | |--Struthionidae | `--+--Rheidae | `--+--+--Dinornithidae | | `--Tinamidae | `--+--Apterygidae | `--Casuariidae `--Neognathae |*-Qinornis paleocenica |--Galloanserae | |--Pangalliformes | | |*-Austinornis lentus | | |--Quercymegapodiidae | | `--Galliformes | | |--Megapodiidae | | `--+--Cracidae | | `--+--Numididae | | `--Phasianidae | `--Anseriformes | |--Anhimidae | `--Anseres | |--Anseranatidae | `--+--Anatalavis rex | `--Anatoidea | |--Vegavis iaai | |--Presbyornithidae | | `--Teviornis gobiensis | `--Anatidae `--Neoaves |--Phaethontidae |--Opisthocomidae |--Eurypygoidea | |--Eurypygidae | `--Rhynochetidae |--Pteroclididae |--Columbidae |--Mesitornithidae |--Mirandornithes | |--Podicipedidae | `--Phoenicopteridae |--Cypselomorphae | |--Steatornithidae | |--Nyctibiidae | |--Podargidae | |--Caprimulgidae | `--Daedalornithes | |--Aegothelidae | `--Apodiformes | |--Trochillidae | `--Apodi | |--Hemiprocnidae | `--Apodidae `--Coronaves |--+--Otididae | |--Cuculidae | |--Musophagidae | |--Gruiformes | | |--Ralloidea | | | |--Heliornithidae | | | `--Rallidae | | `--Grues | | |--Psophiidae | | `--Gruoidea | | |--Aramidae | | `--Gruidae | `--Natatores | |--Gaviiformes | | |--Neogaeornis wetzeli | | `--Polarornis gregorii | `--+--Procellariimorphae | | |--Sphenisciformes | | `--Procellariiformes | | |--Lonchodytes estesi | | |--Tytthostonyx glauconiticus | | |--Diomedeidae | | `--+--Oceanitidae | | `--Procellariidae | `--Steganograllatores | |--Ciconiidae | `--Pelecaniformes | |*?Torotigidae | | |?-Novacaesareala hungerfordi | | `--Torotix clemensi | |--Steganopodes | | |--Fregatidae | | `--Sulida | | |--Sulidae | | `--Phalacrocoracoidea | | |--Anhingidae | | `--Phalacrocoracidae | `--+--Ardeidae | |--Threskiornithidae | `--+--Scopidae | |--Balaenicipitidae | `--Pelecanidae |--Charadriiformes | |*?Cimolopteryx rara | |*?"Cimolopteryx" maxima | |*?"Cimolopteryx" minima | |*?"Cimolopteryx" petra | |?-+--Graculavus velox | | |--Graculavus augustus | | `?-Graculavus "idahensis" | |--Telmatornis priscus | |?-"Lonchodytes" pterygius | |--Charadrii | | |--+--Charadriidae | | | `--Haematopoidea | | | |--Recurvirostridae | | | `--Haematopodidae | | `--Chionidi | | |--Burhinidae | | `--+--Chionididae | | `--Pluvianellidae | `--+--Scolopaci | | |--Scolopacidae | | `--Thinocori | | |--Thinocoroidea | | | |--Pedionomidae | | | `--Thinocoridae | | `--Parrae | | |--Rostratulidae | | `--Jacanidae | `--Lari | |--Turnicidae | `--+--Glareolidae | `--+--Alcidae | |--Stercorariidae | `--Larides | |--Laridae | |--Sternidae | `--Rhynchopidae `--Dendrornithes |--Coliidae `--+--Cathartidae |--Accipitriformes | |--Sagittariidae | `--+--Pandionidae | `--Accipitridae |--Strigiformes | |--Tytonidae | `--Strigidae |--Afroaves | |--Leptosomidae | |--Trogonidae | `--Picocoraciae | |--Bucerotiformes | | |--Bucerotidae | | `--Upupides | | |--Phoeniculidae | | `--Upupidae | `--+--Coraciiformes | | |--Meropidae | | |--Coracioidea | | | |--Brachypteraciidae | | | `--Coraciidae | | `--Halcyones | | |--Todidae | | `--Alcedinoidea | | |--Motmotidae | | `--Alcedinidae | `--Piciformes | |--Galbulae | | |--Bucconidae | | `--Galbulidae | `--Pici | |--Capitonoidea | | |--Capitonidae | | `--Rhamphastidae | `--Picoidea | |--Indicatoridae | `--Picidae `--Australavis |--Cariamidae `--Eufalconimorphae |--Falconidae `--Psittacopasserae |--Psittaciformes | |--Nestoridae | `--+--Cacatuidae | `--Psittacidae `--Passeriformes |--Acanthisittidae `--Eupasseres |--Tyranni | |--Eurylaimides | `--Tyrannides | |--Tyrannoidea | `--Furnarioidea `--Passeri |--Menuridae `--+--Climacteridae `--+--Meliphagoidea `--+--Corvoidea `--+--Picathartidae `--Passerida